Electronics

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For personal-use electronic devices, see consumer electronics.

Surface mount electronic components

A breadboard with a completed electronic circuit

Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving electrons) through nonmetal conductors (mainly semiconductors), whereas electrical refers to the flow of charge through metal conductors. For example, flow of charge through silicon, which is not a metal, would come under electronics; whereas flow of charge through copper, which is a metal, would come under electrical. This distinction started around 1906 with the invention by Lee De Forest of the triode. Until 1950 this field was called "Radio techniques" because its principal application was the design and theory of radio transmitters, receivers and vacuum tubes.

The study of semiconductor devices and related technology is considered a branch of physics whereas the design and construction ofelectronic circuits to solve practical problems come under electronics engineering. This article focuses on engineering aspects of electronics